{"id":1030,"date":"2023-04-17T11:49:04","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T11:49:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-dev.ubikasec.com\/en\/?p=1030"},"modified":"2023-09-19T14:21:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T14:21:42","slug":"how-to-prevent-exploitation-of-path-traversal-vulnerabilities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ubikasec.com\/en\/posts\/how-to-prevent-exploitation-of-path-traversal-vulnerabilities\/","title":{"rendered":"How to prevent exploitation of Path Traversal vulnerabilities?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What is a Path Traversal\/ Directory Traversal flaw? <\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>Path Traversal<\/strong>, or <strong>Directory Traversal<\/strong> attack is an attack affecting the <strong>server side<\/strong> of web applications.<br \/>\nAlthough not clearly stated in the OWASP Top 10, the vulnerability can lead to a flaw present in this top: Broken Access Control (<a href=\"https:\/\/owasp.org\/www-project-top-ten\/2017\/A5_2017-Broken_Access_Control\">A5:2017-Broken Access Control | OWASP<\/a>)<br \/>\nThis vulnerability allows a user to have access to data or functionalities outside of their scope of action, for example, the fact that an ordinary user can modify the profile of any other user when this action is supposed to be reserved for administrators.<br \/>\nThe Path Traversal \/ Directory Traversal vulnerability consists of manipulating HTTP parameters, most often using GET. The GET request allows to modify the url, in order to include and have sensitive folders or files in a web page.<br \/>\nIMAAAAGE<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Discover our solution and its features.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts"],"acf":{"headings":[{"acf_fc_layout":"base","title_category_icon":766,"title_category":"Post","title_category_color":"clr-pink","title":"How to prevent exploitation of <span>Path Traversal<\/span> vulnerabilities?","title_color":"clr-white","title_description":"","title_description_theme":"content-text-dark","title_buttons":null,"background":"bg-gradient-purple-blue-bl","padding_top":"pt-xxlarge","padding_bottom":"pb-xxlarge","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":true,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","opt_breadcrumb":true,"opt_breadcrumb_theme":"breadcrumb-dark"}],"background_image":null,"modules":[{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1250],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"<h2>Consequences of a Path Traversal \/ Directory Traversal attack (Directory path traversal attack) <\/h2>\r\n\r\nThe <strong>Path Traversal<\/strong> flaw has some consequences.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Data infiltration:<\/strong> if the attacker succeeds in including folders containing sensitive files he will then be able to see their names and display them.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Access to restricted functionality:<\/strong> If the attacker manages, for example through a GET or POST request, to include an administrator page he will then have the ability to perform actions that are not normally possible at his privilege level.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n \r\nThis flaw is particular because it can also lead to the exploitation of other flaws:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Recovery of the site\u2019s source code:<\/strong> In the case of a server running with PHP, the attacker can include the source code of the various pages and analyze them for other flaws.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Server analysis:<\/strong> By including files such as <strong>.htaccess<\/strong>, the attacker has the possibility to understand how the server is configured.\r\nThe consequences of a <strong>path traversal<\/strong> flaw depend very much on the server configuration.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>What is a Path Traversal flaw? <\/h2>\r\n\r\nThe path traversal, or directory traversal attack is an attack affecting the server side of web applications.\r\n\r\nAlthough not clearly stated in the <strong>OWASP Top 10<\/strong>, this vulnerability can lead to a flaw present in the top 10: <strong>Broken Access Control<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/owasp.org\/www-project-top-ten\/2017\/A5_2017-Broken_Access_Control\">A5:2017-Broken Access Control | OWASP<\/a>)\r\n\r\nThe latter gives the possibility to a user to have access to data or <strong>functionalities<\/strong> outside his <strong>field of action<\/strong>, for example, the fact that a normal user can modify the profile of any other user while this action is supposed to be reserved for administrators only.\r\n\r\nThe <strong>path traversal <\/strong>vulnerability consists of manipulating<strong> HTTP <\/strong>parameters, most often in the <strong>query string<\/strong>, which means modifying the URL, in order to include sensitive folders or files in a web page.","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1267],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"<h2>How to exploit a Path Traversal vulnerability? <\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>1.     Normal use of an online photo gallery<\/h3>\r\n\r\nConsider a site that allows you to upload images by assigning them a category and view them.","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1268],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"Loris, our attacker will be able to select an image and assign it a category and then send it to the server.","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1270],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"Loris will then click on the \"Sport\" category that corresponds to the image he added\r\nThe url of the page then becomes\r\n<strong>http:\/\/www.image-online.com?path=sport<\/strong>\r\nThe different images of this category will be displayed","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1271],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"<h3>2.Path Traversal Test<\/h3>\r\nLoris will now go to page \u201cSport\u201d and modify the URL by changing \u201csport\u201d of the path variable by \u201c.\/ \u201c.\r\n\r\n\u201c.\/\u201d indicates the current folder.\r\n\r\n<strong>http:\/\/www.image-online.com\/?path=.\/<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe page that appears shows the different categories that exist for an image:\r\n\r\n","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1272],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"Loris now knows that he is in the root folder of the different categories;\r\n\r\nHe has a good understanding of how the server works.\r\n\r\n<h3>3.Exploitation of the flaw<\/h3>\r\nLoris\u2019 goal is to find out how to use this path traversal to perform actions as an administrator.\r\n\r\nThe tree structure he currently knows is the following:","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1273],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"By taking only the<strong> path<\/strong> variable and changing its value by ..\/, which indicates a backward movement in the tree, Loris ends up with different file and folder names.","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1274],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"We can see a \u201cUsers\u201d folder and by replacing \u201c..\/\u201d by \u201c..\/Users\u201d Loris finds himself with a list of files that seem to relate to different users:","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1275],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"By changing the URL of the page by http:\/\/www.image-online.com\/Users\/Paul.txt, Loris recovers all his information stored in hard disk, including his password.","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1276],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"He only has to authenticate himself with his information to have an admin account.\r\n\r\n<h2>OWASP recommendations in Path Traversal vulnerability prevention<\/h2>\r\n\r\nThe <strong>Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)<\/strong> provides a guide to guard against Path Traversal vulnerabilities, here we will summarise the different options available to a developer.\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Avoid using user input to include local files:<\/strong> This prevents a user from being able to test a Path Traversal vulnerability.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Accept predefined values:<\/strong> This can be enforced by a series of conditions in the server-side code.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>In this case it is necessary to escape user entries<\/strong> in order to avoid path traversal patterns. (such as \u201c..\/\u201d for example)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>UBIKA Cloud Protector vs Path Traversal<\/h2>\r\nIn order to prevent the exploitation of Path Traversal vulnerabilities, UBIKA Cloud Protector has an effective method:\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Malicious pattern detection:<\/strong> UBIKA Cloud Protector automatically detects patterns used during path traversal in order to block and redirect malicious requests<\/li>\r\n","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1277],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"<li><strong><strong>Decryption of multiple encodings:<\/strong> UBIKA Cloud Protector can transform encoded characters in order to verify them.<\/li>\r\n\r\n","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1278],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"photos","title":"","mod_title_color":"clr-white","mod_title_alignment":"align-left","images":[1279],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"wysiwyg","mod_wysiwyg":"With the translation above we can understand that %252e%252e%252f will give %2e%2e%2f and then ..\/","mod_wysiwyg_theme":"content-text-light","background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","unique_id":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"buttons","button":[{"internal_link":75,"external_link":"","button_style":"cta-turquoise-white","button_label":"Request a 14-day free trial"}],"background":"bg-solid-white","padding_top":"pt-medium","padding_bottom":"pb-medium","decoration":"deco-none","separator_top":false,"separator_top_color":"sep-white","separator_bottom":false,"separator_bottom_color":"sep-white","button_align":"align-center","unique_id":""}],"dl_form":"","dl_form_title":"","dl_gated":false,"dl_asset":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to prevent exploitation of Path Traversal vulnerabilities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In order to prevent the exploitation of Path Traversal vulnerabilities and to protect against them, UBIKA has an effective method.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ubikasec.com\/en\/posts\/how-to-prevent-exploitation-of-path-traversal-vulnerabilities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to prevent exploitation of Path Traversal vulnerabilities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In order to prevent the exploitation of Path Traversal vulnerabilities and to protect against them, UBIKA has an effective method.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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